Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: In the area of Immunotherapy, immunological checkpoints, such as CTLA-4, PD-1 or PD-L1, are membrane proteins involved in the immune response that, when inhibited, cause an increase in T cell activity and a consequent anti-tumor effect. However, this inhibition can also cause adverse effects, including endocrinopathies, such as thyroid dysfunction and hypophysitis.Clinical case: 59-year-old man, diagnosed with lung cancer, treated with nivo...

Background and aims: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus affects a growing number of people allover the world. It is associated with serious complications. Several studies have shown that it is possible to prevent and minimize type 2 diabetes complications if it is treated appropriately over time. In our Hospital there is, since 1998, an outpatient clinics of diabetes. This study aimed to determine the quality of care provided to diabetic patients in our institution.<p class="abstext...

Background and aims: Thyroid nodular disease (TND) is a common condition in the general population. Malignant nodules occur in 5% of patients with thyroid nodules. Fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is considered to be the most reliable method of differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodules. The purpose of this study was to assess the accuracy of FNABs performed in our Hospital.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patient...

Introduction: Malignant or necrotizing external otitis (MEO) is an invasive infection between external auditory canal and skull base. It is more frequent in elderly and in diabetic patients or with compromised immune system. As MEO advance osteomyelitis can developed. It is a severe and potential mortal complication of external otitis (EO).Clinical case: 78 years old man with history of type2 diabetes (good metabolic control) and right ear external otiti...